{"id":292,"date":"2026-05-14T08:40:32","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T08:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/?p=292"},"modified":"2026-05-20T04:18:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T04:18:06","slug":"differences-between-1st-pass-ro-and-2nd-pass-ro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/differences-between-1st-pass-ro-and-2nd-pass-ro\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa RO l\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 RO l\u1ea7n 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn h\u00f2a tan trong dung m\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t keo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc? C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4 \u0111i qua m\u00e0ng RO, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb RO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb RO m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc, hai l\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb RO nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb RO m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hai l\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1eady s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hai l\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/tham-thau-nguoc-nuoc-bien\/\">Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 RO.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-3.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa RO l\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 RO l\u1ea7n 2\" class=\"wp-image-296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-3.jpg 960w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-3-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-3-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-difference-in-technological-process\">1. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-difference-in-configuration\">2. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-difference-in-water-quality-efficiency-and-operation\">3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#a-difference-in-the-quality-of-produced-water\">a. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#b-system-recovery-rate-and-operating-pressure\">b. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#c-differential-polarization-and-system-stability\">c. Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c vi sai v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-difference-in-applications\">4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-zero-discharge-and-resource-recovery-processes\">5. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-how-to-determine-your-ro-system-configuration\">6. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc RO c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#a-key-decision-parameters\">a. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#b-implementation-pathway-recommendations\">b. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-difference-in-technological-process\"><strong>1. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong>&nbsp;S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u201cx\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 + t\u00e1ch m\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng), b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh (h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 clo d\u01b0) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc an to\u00e0n 5\u03bcm (l\u1ecdc tinh), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao (\u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 1,5\u20132,5 MPa) v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e0ng RO m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai d\u00f2ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, trong khi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-2.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa RO l\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 RO l\u1ea7n 2\" class=\"wp-image-295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-2.jpg 960w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-2-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-2-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong>&nbsp;H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chu\u1ed7i \u201cx\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 + RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u + RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai\u201d. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai (\u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: 1,0\u20131,8 MPa) n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e0ng RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec1m h\u00f3a trung gian (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u01a1m NaOH) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i CO\u2082 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ion HCO\u2083\u207b d\u1ec5 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-1.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa RO l\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 RO l\u1ea7n 2\" class=\"wp-image-294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-1-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-difference-in-configuration\"><strong>2. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong>&nbsp;V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao d\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb hai m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5), m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc trung gian v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">V\u00f2ng 1 RO<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">&nbsp;L\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee9 hai<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao<\/td><td>1 chi\u1ebfc<\/td><td>2 chi\u1ebfc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0ng RO<\/td><td>M\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n<\/td><td>C\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e0ng hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td><td>\u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td><td>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t hai c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-4.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa RO l\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0 RO l\u1ea7n 2\" class=\"wp-image-293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-4.jpg 960w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-4-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-4-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-4-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Differences-Between-1st-pass-RO-and-2nd-pass-RO-4-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-difference-in-water-quality-efficiency-and-operation\"><strong>3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-difference-in-the-quality-of-produced-water\"><strong>a. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>So s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i: t<\/strong>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn h\u00f2a tan (TDS) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 95\u201397% trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 15\u201325 \u03bcS\/cm khi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4 l\u00e0 500 \u03bcS\/cm, trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i l\u00ean h\u01a1n 99%, v\u00e0 trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 \u03bcS\/cm. Trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 5\u03bcS\/cm. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch chip c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 10\u03bcS\/cm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ion g\u00e2y ra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong>&nbsp;H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd bo, silic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf bo c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 70\u201385%, trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean tr\u00ean 95%. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, n\u01a1i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bo b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (th\u01b0\u1eddng &lt;0,5 mg\/L). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf silic, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silic t\u1eeb 0,1-0,5 mg\/L trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 0,01-0,05 mg\/L, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5 sung cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"b-system-recovery-rate-and-operating-pressure\"><strong>b. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>&nbsp;T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 50\u201375% (TP3T), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 25\u201350% (TP3T) l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i 85\u201390% (TP3T) th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i (ZLD), n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00ean h\u01a1n 90% v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh ti\u1ebfp theo c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: C\u00e1c m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u cao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1,8\u20133,0 MPa; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai do n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng TDS th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3), n\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 1,0-1,8 MPa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p hai c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed9 b\u01a1m cao \u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, n\u00ean m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed9 b\u01a1m cao \u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (kho\u1ea3ng 15-25%), trong khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Tham s\u1ed1<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc RO m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i<\/td><td>95-97%<\/td><td>99% tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/td><td>c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n 2-4 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc khai th\u00e1c (\u03bcS\/cm)<\/td><td>15-25<\/td><td>&lt;5<\/td><td>th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 l\u1ea7n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf boron<\/td><td>70-85%<\/td><td>&gt;95%<\/td><td>c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n 15-25%%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td><td>50-75%<\/td><td>85-90%<\/td><td>c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n 15-30%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td><td>1,8\u20133,0 MPa<\/td><td>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: 1,8\u20133,0 MPa; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai: 1,0\u20131,8 MPa<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u00c1p su\u1ea5t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 40%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/containerized-water-treatment-system.jpg\" alt=\"h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea1ng container\" class=\"wp-image-6450\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"c-differential-polarization-and-system-stability\"><strong>c. Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c vi sai v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 (\u03b2) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi 1,2 do n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 TDS cao \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng l\u00ean 1,4, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (CIP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1,2 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 sau 1\u20132 ph\u00fat r\u1eeda \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p; khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u03b2 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1,2, th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00e0ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-difference-in-applications\"><strong>4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 RO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c (n\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i); ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng (n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ch\u1ebf, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng tinh khi\u1ebft); ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m (n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam, thu\u1ed1c\u2026); kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n, v\u00f9ng khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, v.v.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cao, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 thi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd, v.v. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t cao, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/he-thong-sieu-loc-cong-nghiep\/\">l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;(n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai), v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc RO nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-zero-discharge-and-resource-recovery-processes\"><strong>5. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng (ZLD), quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u201cl\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (RO) + k\u1ebft tinh b\u1eb1ng bay h\u01a1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c TDS t\u1eeb 8\u2013121 g\/L (kho\u1ea3ng 80.000\u2013120.000 mg\/L), gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng khi TDS c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c RO t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 6% l\u00ean 10%, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bay h\u01a1i gi\u1ea3m 30%, trong khi t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i; tuy nhi\u00ean, khi t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u00ean 15%, t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng th\u00eam 6% do c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i titan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (nh\u01b0 lithium v\u00e0 rubidium) trong dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO) \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1ch m\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong c\u1ea3 thu h\u1ed3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thu h\u1ed3i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<br>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc RO<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-how-to-determine-your-ro-system-configuration\"><strong>6. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc RO c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-key-decision-parameters\">a. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p hay hai c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>&nbsp;Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n 0,2 M\u03a9\u00b7cm), ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 TDS cao (&gt;1.000 mg\/L), h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng boron\/silicon cao ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cao, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (TDS \u2248 35.000 mg\/L) ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ed3m \u201cl\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO) n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n + l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO) n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>&nbsp;Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng &gt;80%, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf nh\u1edd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c khan hi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong>&nbsp;Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea5p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n nh\u1edd t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"b-implementation-pathway-recommendations\">b. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 15 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4 (TDS, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, COD, silic, bo, v.v.) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>&nbsp;X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ra (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SEMI d\u00e0nh cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4-\u0111un:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n RO ph\u1ee5 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong>&nbsp;C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RO c\u1ea5p hai c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t; n\u00ean k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/kysearo-50-tpd-swro-desalination-system-exporting-india-client\/\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 51m\u00b3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/he-thong-ro-8040\/\">Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o 40<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/kysearo-50-tpd-swro-desalination-system-exporting-india-client\/\">m\u00b3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/he-thong-bwro-10tph-xuat-khau-a-rap-saudi\/\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 quy m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 240 m\u00b3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/nha-may-swro-o-nga\/\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (SWRO) d\u1ea1ng container d\u00e0nh cho C\u1ef1c B\u1eafc&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/he-thong-khu-muoi-bang-container\/\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (BWRO) d\u1ea1ng container d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/he-thong-tham-thau-nguoc-nuoc-lo\/\">Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Brack ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO) m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":296,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[598],"tags":[229,231,234,232,233,230],"class_list":["post-292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reverse-osmosis-systems","tag-1st-pass-ro-system","tag-2nd-pass-ro-system","tag-desalination-system-design","tag-reverse-osmosis-membrane","tag-ro-water-quality","tag-seawater-ro-plant"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":301,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions\/301"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}