{"id":423,"date":"2026-05-15T02:55:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T02:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/?p=423"},"modified":"2026-05-15T02:55:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T02:55:45","slug":"seawater-to-tap-how-desalination-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/seawater-to-tap-how-desalination-works\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 0,3251% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ven bi\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u201ccu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u00f4ng qua so s\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u01a1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i<\/strong> <\/a>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1eeda l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3u l\u1ed3ng, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n 300 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 25 m\u00e9t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,1 m\/s, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n Tasman (1,5 m\/s), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. So v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u gi\u1ea3m 67%, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc<\/th>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>M\u1ee9c ph\u00ed d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
C\u1ea5p 1<\/td>M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh Tumbler<\/td>99,81% ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u01a1 l\u1eedng (TP3T, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc >5 mm)<\/td><\/tr>
Than antraxit th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p<\/td>C\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td>94% T\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t keo<\/td><\/tr>
B\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/td>M\u00e0ng si\u00eau l\u1ecdc<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee5c < 1 NTU<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f9n th\u1ea3i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ly t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 25% (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c), gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 36.000 t\u1ea5m m\u00e0ng composite 8 inch, \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 6.900 l\u00edt t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m m\u00e0ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 60 bar. So v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng cellulose acetate tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng polyamide \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 98,51% l\u00ean 99,71%. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ERD) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 3,8kWh cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 70% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4. Sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canxi v\u00e0 magi\u00ea: b\u1ed5 sung canxi cacbonat th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00ean 80\u2013120 mg\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pH: b\u01a1m kh\u00ed carbon dioxide \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec pH trong kho\u1ea3ng 7,0\u20138,5<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng: \u1ee8c ch\u1ebf vi khu\u1ea9n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5 ppm chloramine.
    Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng boron trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,5 mg\/L, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (2,4 mg\/L).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    5. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f2i phun khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, 58% dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c (\u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n ~6,5%) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n trong v\u00f2ng 2 ph\u00fat, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 500 m\u00e9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng 82% so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e0i 18 km s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f3t FRP, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng gang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n