{"id":4300,"date":"2015-12-01T06:36:29","date_gmt":"2015-12-01T06:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/?p=4300"},"modified":"2025-07-23T07:55:02","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T07:55:02","slug":"cach-thiet-ke-he-thong-tham-thau-nguoc-nuoc-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/cach-thiet-ke-he-thong-tham-thau-nguoc-nuoc-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

10 b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/a>SWRO l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1eadu x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf method of seawater reverse osmosis<\/a> is introduced in the following ten steps.<\/p>\n

1. Preliminary Determination of Technological Process<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 Quy tr\u00ecnh SWRO<\/strong> <\/a>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sau, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

It should be pointed out here that this initial process and the final determined process may be very different. Because in the design process, according to the calculation, it is probably to adjust equipment selection, parameters, and equipment layout, etc.<\/p>\n

After the initial process is determined, the system can be designed according to the following steps, but there is a certain connection between each step of the design process. The final technological process will be revised through comprehensive design.<\/p>\n

2. Determination of Hydraulic Equilibrium Diagram<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

With an initial process, the hydraulic equilibrium diagram can be determined and calculated. Hydraulic equilibrium diagram is very important in seawater reverse osmosis systems. It can be said that it is the verification and validation of preliminary process, and also provides the data for the next step of the equipment selection, parameter determination and calculation. The factors to be considered include the chemical composition of seawater, seawater intake method, system recovery rate, system energy recovery, the loss of water in the process, and the chemical composition of production water.<\/p>\n

3. Determination of Seawater Intake<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

In seawater reverse osmosis\u00a0systems, seawater intake has a great influence on the pre-treatment of seawater. It will seriously affect the efficiency of the reverse osmosis if factors are not considered well, and will increase the working load of the security filter and reverse osmosis membrane. The following factors should be considered in water intake: water intake location, the impact of the typhoon on the intake facilities, delivery method from intake location to pre-treatment system, intake pump type(diving pump or sucking pump), seawater corrosion, and the microorganism, bacteria in sea water, etc. After considering the above factors, in general, there are three kinds of water intake: beach well intake, surface seawater intake, and seabed filter intake. How to select which water intake method in detail, it should be determined by considering all kinds of factors.<\/p>\n

4. Pre-treatment Determination<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/strong> <\/a>hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4, keo, vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u01a1 l\u1eedng kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 5, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

To the large-scale seawater desalination system, in order to protect RO membrane, and prolong membrane lifespan, ultra-filtration membrane is also necessary. Production SDI of ultra-filtration can be less than 3, and its production quality is better than that of the sand filter.<\/p>\n

5. Selection and Calculation of Security Filter<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Security filter: it is the last line to enter the reverse osmosis system. The minimum filter accuracy is 1um. According to hydraulic equilibrium diagram, it can know the water flow of security filter QT, select filter type and determine each filter flux Q, so the number of security filter. Security filter usually select bag or micro-filtration membrane kind. If you want to know more about the\u00a0security filter, you can check\u00a0How Multi Medium Filter Works in Desalination Systems.<\/a><\/p>\n

6. Determination and Calculation of Equipment Types and Parameters in the Main RO System<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Reverse osmosis system is the core of the whole project, mainly composed of the reverse osmosis membrane module and a high-pressure pump. The core of the design is to arrange different water recovery rate according to different raw water quality and to make the system economic as far as possible through the process. Reverse osmosis is the reverse movement of permeation, it is a kind of solution that separates solute and solvent by semi-permeable membrane under the driven pressure. Seawater desalination technology is to remove inorganic ions in seawater, bacteria, viruses, organic matter and colloid and other impurities by reverse osmosis, producing high-quality desalinated water. Reverse osmosis membrane module is the key part of the seawater desalination system. Seawater is lifted by the high-pressure pump into the membrane module and water is desalinated through membranes. Nowadays RO membrane is applied widely, and there are lots of its manufacturers abroad, such as DOW made in USA, Hydranautics, and Toray in Japan. Different manufacturers of reverse osmosis membrane have different characteristics, and different membrane manufacturers have their own RO membrane calculation software, such as Dow Rosa, Japan Toray RO. To the membrane module arrangement, the software will calculate according to the design.<\/p>\n

The high-pressure pump is used to lift seawater into reverse osmosis membrane with 6~8MPa pressure of the seawater, which is the required pressure for reverse osmosis system to achieve desalination. One of the most important characteristics of reverse osmosis seawater desalination is to adopt HP pump to delivery seawater into membrane module, where fresh water is permeated into another side of the membrane through high pressure, so as to achieve RO desalination. It is also easy to select HP pump, and there are lots of HP pump manufacturers abroad, such as famous Danfoss. In general, the multi-stage centrifugal pump is selected in large seawater desalination system, and plunger pump is selected in small seawater desalination system. It has no special demand for HP pump type and its calculation, but there is a big difference among materials. Here the HP pump is duplex stainless steel for the seawater corrosion is great.<\/p>\n

Energy recovery device is a kind of device which can recover the pressure of concentrated seawater. It can transfer high pressure of concentrated seawater to the raw water, so as to reduce the flow of the high-pressure pump. PX series energy recovery device produced by USA ERI company is applied widely in seawater desalination reverse osmosis system, accounting for more than 90 percent of the whole desalination, and its recovery rate can reach to more than 95 percent.<\/p>\n

7. X\u1eed l\u00fd sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

The production desalinated by reverse osmosis can meet the standard of drinking water of GB5749-85 standard. And most of the indicators are beyond mineral water. In the process of pre-treatment, pre-filtered water is acidic because of reductant. In order to adjust PH, it is required to add alkali for neutralization. And then delivery into the use of point according to customer\u2019s requirement. If production is required to be treated further, it can adopt 2nd RO or ion exchange process.<\/p>\n

8. Selection and Calculation of Dosing Device<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Dosing system in seawater desalination is an indispensable part. Therefore, the chemical dosing system<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0configuration and dosing kinds, and the calculation of the amount is very important. First of all, NaClO or chlorine is added into the intake wells or intake pipelines to kill bacteria and algae. Before the sand filter, the flocculant is then added into the pipelines to condense colloid and impurities in the water which is conducive to the filtration. At last, antiscalant is sometimes added to the filtered seawater according to the situation of water quality, preventing smaller colloid and scaling in the RO membrane. And reductant is added to restore the left free chlorine when adding bactericide, for reverse osmosis membrane has very strict requirements for the free chlorine, which will have very strong oxidation on the reverse osmosis membrane.<\/p>\n

Here we take NaClO as the calculation example as follows:
\n(Ps: Q is dosing pump flow, X is added dosage, q is water flow and w is dosing density.)<\/p>\n

9. Material Selection Principle of Seawater Desalination Pipeline<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

1)PVC, UPVC pipe, or carbon steel lined pipe can be selected in water intake and pre-treatment part.
\n2) Duplex stainless steel is adopted in the main part of reverse osmosis system.
\n3) PVC or UPVC pipe can be also selected in the post-treatment part.<\/p>\n

Read more about how to choose pipelines for seawater desalination plants<\/a>.<\/p>\n

10. Control Design Principle<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

In seawater reverse osmosis\u00a0systems, PLC is used as the controller to control the on-line signal and control the interlocking signal. The industrial control computer is used as the monitor, and the \u201cconfiguration\u201d software is used to develop a unique \u201cseawater desalination treatment technology process monitoring picture\u201d, which shows the operation condition in the whole plant.<\/p>\n

11. Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

The h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/a> design method described in this paper is a brief summary of the present water treatment industry materials and process development. With the development of technology, the development, and utilization of new energy sources, the design method will change accordingly.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ngay h\u00f4m nay!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>