{"id":462,"date":"2026-05-15T03:22:14","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T03:22:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/?p=462"},"modified":"2026-05-15T03:23:09","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T03:23:09","slug":"desalination-cost-per-gallon-energy-technology-and-environmental-trade-offs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/desalination-cost-per-gallon-energy-technology-and-environmental-trade-offs\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i gallon: S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/what-technology-is-used-for-desalination\/\"><strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/a>chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, di d\u00e2n, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hay c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, sa m\u1ea1c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Desalination-Cost-per-Gallon.jpg\" alt=\"Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i gallon\" class=\"wp-image-463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Desalination-Cost-per-Gallon.jpg 960w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Desalination-Cost-per-Gallon-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Desalination-Cost-per-Gallon-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Desalination-Cost-per-Gallon-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/kysearo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Desalination-Cost-per-Gallon-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#2-what-are-the-mainstream-desalination-technologies-\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-is-the-cost-seawater-desalination-per-gallon\">Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n cho m\u1ed7i gallon l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#iv-what-are-the-construction-costs-of-global-desalination-plants-\">\u00a0Chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#v-what-are-the-production-capacities-and-technological-features-of-the-world-s-top-five-desalination-plants-\">N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#current-global-application-status-of-desalination-technologies\">T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-what-factors-influence-desalination-costs-\">Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-how-much-of-the-cost-is-attributed-to-energy-consumption-\">Chi ph\u00ed ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfm bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-are-the-investment-costs-for-large-scale-desalination-projects\">Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#7-how-does-the-economics-of-desalination-compare-to-traditional-water-sources-\">V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#8-will-desalination-costs-continue-to-decline-in-the-future-\">Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-what-are-the-mainstream-desalination-technologies-\"><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh:&nbsp;<strong>c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>&nbsp;(ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 ro&nbsp;<strong>c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0ng<\/strong>&nbsp;(th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) v\u00e0 Multi-Effect Distillation (MED). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MSF bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MED s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u chu tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 bay h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111i qua m\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ea5m, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111i qua. Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a RO n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, chi\u1ebfm 40%-50% chi ph\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p (kho\u1ea3ng 3-4 kWh\/m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i), khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-the-cost-seawater-desalination-per-gallon\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n cho m\u1ed7i gallon l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/desalination-cost\/\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/a>c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, chi ph\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1,40 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,30 euro m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 1,61\u20131,22 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7\/t\u1ea5n, trong khi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,92\u20131,83 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7\/t\u1ea5n. T\u00ednh ra theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gallon, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 0,002\u20130,005 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7\/gallon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1,31\u20131,61 USD\/t\u1ea5n. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 0,4\u20130,6 USD\/m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0,4 USD\/t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iv-what-are-the-construction-costs-of-global-desalination-plants-\"><strong>&nbsp;Chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a 15 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>T\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/th><th>Khu v\u1ef1c<\/th><th>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (10.000 m\u00b3\/ng\u00e0y)<\/th><th>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/th><th>N\u0103m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/th><th>Chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Shubaybah 3<\/td><td>Mecca, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat<\/td><td>128.2<\/td><td>MSF, RO<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>1.042.100.000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sorek<\/td><td>Tel Aviv, Israel<\/td><td>117.2<\/td><td>RO<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>$1,5 t\u1ef7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ras Al-Khair<\/td><td>\u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat<\/td><td>103.6<\/td><td>MSF, RO<\/td><td>2014<\/td><td>$ 1,76 t\u1ef7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tawila<\/td><td>Abu Dhabi, C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/td><td>90.92<\/td><td>RO<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>1.049 tri\u1ec7u<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Jubail 3A<\/td><td>\u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat<\/td><td>60<\/td><td>RO<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>1.045.000.000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"v-what-are-the-production-capacities-and-technological-features-of-the-world-s-top-five-desalination-plants-\"><strong>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ras Al-Khair, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 1,036 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p MSF v\u00e0 RO c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tawila, C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y 909.200 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 RO tinh khi\u1ebft, \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2022, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 $0.0018 USD\/gallon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shuaiba 3, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t 1.282.000 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t (MSF) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jubail, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y 800.000 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (CHP), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng (MED).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Um Al Quwain, C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y 682.000 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO) tinh khi\u1ebft, do T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Gezhouba Trung Qu\u1ed1c thi c\u00f4ng, \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"current-global-application-status-of-desalination-technologies\"><strong>T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Khu v\u1ef1c Trung \u0110\u00f4ng<\/strong>: C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UAE) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n 90% nhu c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Singapore<\/strong>: Nh\u1edd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 RO ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfm 30% trong t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean T\u00e2n \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00dac<\/strong>: T\u00e2y \u00dac \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-what-factors-influence-desalination-costs-\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm 41,491% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng, chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfm 34,761% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m 201% gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ed1ng 11,861% tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n<\/strong>: Bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed mua s\u1eafm thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed. Chi ph\u00ed mua s\u1eafm thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 58% trong t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m 20% v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i xu\u1ed1ng 14.68%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quy m\u00f4<\/strong>: C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea5y chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>: Chi ph\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ngu\u1ed3n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-how-much-of-the-cost-is-attributed-to-energy-consumption-\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfm bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/7-steps-of-sea-water-desalination-plant-process\/\"><strong>c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c,<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 kWh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 40% \u0111\u1ebfn 50% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng (MED), m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 0,9\u20131,5 kWh\/t\u1ea5n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb h\u01a1i th\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i, chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n IV t\u1ea1i Rabigh, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 2,78 kWh cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 $0,3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-the-investment-costs-for-large-scale-desalination-projects\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1eeb 1.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 USD cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc; m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng (MEVD) dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1.200 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.000 USD cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n II t\u1ea1i Sorek c\u1ee7a Israel, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 1,415 t\u1ef7 shekel v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 820.000 t\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n IV t\u1ea1i Rabigh, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 1.400,7 t\u1ef7 riyal v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 600.000 t\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i Jubail 3A t\u1ea1i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat, do Trung Qu\u1ed1c thi c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 600.000 t\u1ea5n\/ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e0 1.465 tri\u1ec7u; d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Rabigh 3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 600.000 t\u1ea5n\/ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e0 1.490 tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-how-does-the-economics-of-desalination-compare-to-traditional-water-sources-\"><strong>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0,8 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,2 USD, cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 0,8 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,9 USD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c khan hi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Thanh \u0110\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 230.000 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng ty TNHH Kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n Baifa \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 0,9 USD\/t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 0,75 USD\/t\u1ea5n. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n \u0110\u00f4ng Gia Kh\u1ea9u thu ph\u00ed 0,65 USD\/t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/tham-thau-nguoc-nuoc-bien\/\"><strong>kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Nam ra B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhu c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-will-desalination-costs-continue-to-decline-in-the-future-\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m. Trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 5 kWh xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 kWh. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017, chi ph\u00ed cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kho\u1ea3ng 29,75% v\u00e0 36,97%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong>: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u00e0ng graphene v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u thu\u1eadn (FO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 20% \u0111\u1ebfn 30% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb 10% \u0111\u1ebfn 15%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u201cn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 \u2013 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i \u2013 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quy m\u00f4<\/strong>: Khi quy m\u00f4 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m. V\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 250 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kinh t\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p then ch\u1ed1t cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u00ednh theo gallon ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, quy m\u00f4 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO) v\u00e0 kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec3m qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao chi ph\u00ed trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1edd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc m\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[443,445,424,444,352,446],"class_list":["post-462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desalination-technology","tag-desalination-cost-per-gallon","tag-desalination-plant-construction","tag-reverse-osmosis-technology","tag-ro-desalination-cost","tag-seawater-desalination-cost","tag-seawater-treatment-cost"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=462"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":466,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462\/revisions\/466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kysearo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}